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Chicago Citation Guide (17th Edition): Websites, Blogs, Social Media, & AI

Websites, Blogs, Social Media, and AI

Citations should include as much of the following as can be determined: title or description of the specific page, title or description of the site as a whole, owner or sponsor of the site, date of publication or last update, and a URL.

For a source that does not list a date of publication or revision, include an access date.

FOOTNOTE format and examples:

1. “Title of Page in Quotation Marks,” Title of Website, Institution/Owner of Website, updated Date, URL

OR

2. Author's first name last name, “Title of Page,” Institution/Owner of Website, Date published or updated, URL.

3. “Privacy Policy,” Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified April 17, 2017, https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

4. Google, “Privacy Policy.”

5. Janna Anderson and Lee Rainie, “The Future of Well-Being in a Tech-Saturated World,” Pew Research Center, April 17, 2018, http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/04/17/the-future-of-well-being-in-a-tech-saturated-world/.

6. Anderson and Rainie, "Tech-Saturated World."

BIBLIOGRAPHY format and example:

Author's last name, first name or Institution. "Title of Page in Quotation Marks." Institution/Owner of Website. Updated Date. URL.

Anderson, Janna, and Lee Rainie. “The Future of Well-Being in a Tech-Saturated World.” Pew Research Center. April 17, 2018. http://www.pewinternet.org/2018/04/17/the-future-of-well-being-in-a-tech-saturated-world/.

Google. “Privacy Policy.” Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. https://www.google.com/policies/privacy/.

FOOTNOTE format and examples:

  1. Author's first name last name, "Title of Post in Quotation Marks," Title of Blog in Italics (blog), Title of Larger Publication in Italics (if any), date, URL.
  1. Deb Amlen, "One Who Gives a Hoot," Wordplay (blog), New York Times, January 26, 2015, http://wordplay.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/one-who-gives-a-hoot/.
  2. Amlen, "Gives a Hoot."

BIBLIOGRAPHY format and example:

Author's last name first name. "Title of Post in Quotation Marks." Title of Blog in Italics (blog). Title of Larger Publication in Italics (if any), date. URL.

Amlen, Deb. "One Who Gives a Hoot." Wordplay (blog). New York Times, January 26, 2015. http://wordplay.blogs.nytimes.com/2015/01/26/one-who-gives-a-hoot/.

FOOTNOTE format and examples:

  1. Author's first name last name or Institution (screen name, if any), "Title or Text of post (up to the first 160 characters) in Quotation Marks," Type of post, date, URL.
  1. Conan O'Brien (@ConanOBrien), “In honor of Earth Day, I'm recycling my tweets,” Twitter, April 22, 2015, https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448.
  2. O'Brien, "In honor of Earth Day."
  3. Pete Souza (@petesouza), “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit,” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016, https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.
  4. Souza, “President Obama.”
  5. Chicago Manual of Style, “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993,” Facebook, April 17, 2015, https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.
  6. Chicago Manual of Style, "singular they."

BIBLIOGRAPHY format and example:

Author's last name, first name or Institution (screen name, if any). "Title or Text of post (up to the first 160 characters) in Quotation Marks." Type of post, date. URL.

Chicago Manual of Style. “Is the world ready for singular they? We thought so back in 1993.” Facebook, April 17, 2015. https://www.facebook.com/ChicagoManual/posts/10152906193679151.

O'Brien, Conan (@ConanOBrien). “In honor of Earth Day, I'm recycling my tweets.” Twitter, April 22, 2015. https://twitter.com/ConanOBrien/status/590940792967016448.

Souza, Pete (@petesouza). “President Obama bids farewell to President Xi of China at the conclusion of the Nuclear Security Summit.” Instagram photo, April 1, 2016. https://www.instagram.com/p/BDrmfXTtNCt/.

FOOTNOTE format and example:

  1. Parent Co's Medium Name, response to query from author, date accessed.
  1. OpenAI's ChatGPT, response to query form author, February 15, 2023.

BIBLIOGRAPHY format and example:

Parent Co's Medium Name, Response to "query." Website, Parent Co, date accessed, URL.

OpenAI's ChatGPT, Response to "Explain to general audiences the possible causes and effects of climate change." ChatGPT, OpenAI, February 15, 2023, https://chatgpt.pro.